Asian Journal of Dental Sciences

Background: Smile harmony is greatly influenced by facial and dental aesthetics, which also have an impact on patient satisfaction and prosthodontic treatment results. A scientific foundation for esthetic rehabilitation is provided by the objective evaluation of smiling components.

Aim: To evaluate selected facial and dental esthetic parameters related to smile harmony and analyze their distribution among the study population.

Materials and Methods: A cross‑sectional observational study was conducted using standardized frontal smile photographs. Esthetic parameters including facial and dental midline congruence, relation between angulation of maxillary central incisors and facial midline, parallelism of canine line–bipupillary line, Exposure of upper front teeth by upper lip during smiling, parallelism of lower lip line dental arch of upper anterior teeth, relation of gingival contour, interdental papilla position, continuity of upper dental arch, angulation of upper teeth, proximal contact position, and width‑height ratio of maxillary central incisors were assessed using a validated scoring system. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis.

Results: The majority of participants demonstrated favorable esthetic characteristics, particularly parallelism of the canine line with the bipupillar line (83.3%), ideal exposure of maxillary anterior teeth during smiling (76.7%), and acceptable angulation of maxillary anterior teeth (73.3%). Variations were noted in gingival contour and interdental papilla position, indicating areas of esthetic compromise.

Conclusion: Smile esthetics are multifactorial, with most individuals exhibiting acceptable facial and dental harmony. However, subtle discrepancies in gingival and interdental parameters highlight the need for comprehensive esthetic evaluation during prosthodontic and restorative treatment planning.